📖 Ancient Botanical Compendium
This compendium is a living document. Pages are added as knowledge is compiled and verified. Click any entry to navigate directly to that page, or use the arrows to turn pages one at a time.
| Common Name | Genus / Origin | Species / Form | Active Compounds | Part / Form Used | Rating | Safety Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan | Crustacean shells | Deacetylated chitin | Poly-D-glucosamine — binds red blood cells, activates platelets, broad antimicrobial; FDA-approved hemostatic (Celox®, HemCon®) | Processed shell powder / dressing | ★★★★★ | External use only. Not biodegradable in all forms — flush wound after use. Shellfish allergy risk. Do not pack into deep body cavities without training. |
| Yarrow | Achillea | millefolium | Achillin, camphor, flavonoids, tannins — promote clotting, vasoconstriction, antimicrobial; used since antiquity by soldiers | Flowers, leaves (fresh poultice or dried powder) | ★★★★★ | Avoid in pregnancy. May cause allergic reaction in Asteraceae-sensitive individuals. Do not use on deep puncture wounds. |
| Kaolin Clay | Aluminosilicate mineral | Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ | Activates coagulation factor XII via negatively charged surface; concentrates platelets; base of QuikClot Combat Gauze used by US military | Fine white clay powder / gauze | ★★★★★ | External hemostasis only. Risk of residual particles in vessels if not fully removed. Apply with pressure. Not for internal wounds. |
| Manuka Honey | Apis mellifera (bee) / Leptospermum | scoparium nectar | Methylglyoxal (MGO), hydrogen peroxide, defensin-1 — broad-spectrum antimicrobial, moist wound healing, debridement; documented use 2600 BCE Egypt | Raw honey applied directly | ★★★★★ | Do not use on infants under 1 year. May delay clotting if applied before hemostasis. Use medical-grade where possible. Standard honey is less effective. |
| Calendula | Calendula | officinalis | Triterpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides — antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, promotes granulation tissue and re-epithelialization | Flower heads (infused oil, salve, compress) | ★★★★★ | Avoid if allergic to Asteraceae. Safe for most topical applications including open wounds. One of the most broadly documented wound herbs. |
| Propolis (Bee Glue) | Apis mellifera (bee) | Resin + wax secretion | Flavonoids (quercetin, galangin), caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) — bactericidal, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory, wound regeneration | Raw propolis, tincture, or salve | ★★★★★ | Bee/propolis allergy risk. Patch test first. Not recommended near eyes. Avoid in pregnancy (stimulates uterine contractions). |
| Goldenseal | Hydrastis | canadensis | Berberine, hydrastine — potent antimicrobial, stops bleeding, inhibits S. aureus and MRSA strains | Root, rhizome (powder, tincture) | ★★★★★ | Do not use in pregnancy. Avoid prolonged internal use. At-risk species — source ethically. Do not overuse topically on large surface areas. |
| Colloidal Silver | Mineral — Argentum | Ag (nanoparticle suspension) | Ag⁺ ions — disrupt bacterial cell membranes, inhibit DNA replication; broad-spectrum antimicrobial including MRSA, Pseudomonas; historical surgical use | Topical spray or colloidal suspension | ★★★★☆ | External use only — do not ingest in quantity (argyria risk). Concentration matters: 10–20ppm topical is standard. Avoid in pregnancy. Do not use with antibiotic medications. |
| Plantain | Plantago | major | Aucubin, allantoin, mucilage — draws infection, reduces swelling, promotes cell proliferation; considered the "field medic's herb" | Leaves (fresh poultice or compress) | ★★★★☆ | Very safe. Not to be confused with banana plantain. Topical use only for wound care. Widely available as a common lawn weed. |
| Comfrey | Symphytum | officinale | Allantoin, rosmarinic acid — accelerates cell regeneration, reduces bruising, promotes collagen synthesis | Root, leaves (poultice, salve) | ★★★★☆ | External use only. Contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids — do not use on deep wounds or for prolonged periods. Do not ingest. Not for broken skin over extended sessions. |
| St. John's Wort | Hypericum | perforatum | Hypericin, hyperforin, flavonoids — antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, nerve repair; shown superior to silver sulfadiazine in 2nd-degree burn studies | Flowers, buds (infused oil, salve) | ★★★★☆ | Photosensitizing — avoid sun exposure on treated areas. Interacts with many medications (do not use internally with prescriptions). Red oil indicates potency. |
| Turmeric | Curcuma | longa | Curcumin — anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, promotes fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis; used in Ayurvedic wound care for millennia | Root powder (paste, compress) | ★★★★☆ | Stains skin and fabric permanently. May slow clotting in high doses. Do not use on heavily bleeding wounds before hemostasis. Generally very safe topically. |
| Tea Tree | Melaleuca | alternifolia | Terpinen-4-ol, cineole — broad antimicrobial including MRSA and Candida; disrupts bacterial cell membranes | Essential oil (diluted 5–10% in carrier) | ★★★★☆ | Must be diluted before skin use — do not apply neat to wounds. Toxic if swallowed. Avoid in infants. Test for sensitivity first. |
| Aloe Vera | Aloe | vera / barbadensis | Acemannan, anthraquinones, vitamins A/C/E — anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial spectrum (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa), accelerates epithelialization | Fresh leaf gel | ★★★★☆ | Avoid aloe latex (yellow layer) — laxative and irritating. Gel is safe. Do not use on deep surgical wounds. May inhibit wound closure if overused on sutured wounds. |
| Garlic | Allium | sativum | Allicin — forms on crushing; potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antifungal; shown effective against antibiotic-resistant strains | Crushed raw clove (poultice, infused oil) | ★★★★☆ | Can cause chemical burns if applied neat for prolonged periods. Always dilute in carrier oil. Do not use on open burns. Allicin degrades quickly — use fresh only. |
| Beeswax | Apis mellifera (bee) | Cera alba / flava | Esters, fatty acids, hydrocarbons — creates occlusive barrier preventing contamination, locks in moisture for healing, mild antimicrobial in raw form | Melted wax (salve base, wound seal) | ★★★☆☆ | Very safe. Acts primarily as protective barrier rather than active healer. Best used in combination with active compounds. Do not use over infected wounds as it may trap bacteria. |
| Oregon Grape Root | Mahonia | aquifolium | Berberine (same active as goldenseal) — antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory; effective against S. aureus, E. coli, Candida; more sustainable than goldenseal | Root bark (powder, tincture, salve) | ★★★☆☆ | Avoid in pregnancy. May cause photosensitivity in high topical concentrations. Good goldenseal substitute given sustainability concerns. |
| Witch Hazel | Hamamelis | virginiana | Hamamelitannin, gallic acid, proanthocyanidins — astringent (tightens tissue, reduces bleeding), anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial | Bark, leaves (distilled extract) | ★★★☆☆ | Very safe topically. Commercial distillate often contains alcohol — may sting on open wounds. Use alcohol-free preparations on raw tissue. Not for internal wounds. |
| Echinacea | Echinacea | purpurea / angustifolia | Alkylamides, polysaccharides, caffeic acid derivatives — immunostimulant, antimicrobial, promotes macrophage activity for wound debridement | Root, flower (tincture, poultice) | ★★★☆☆ | Avoid in autoimmune conditions. Do not use continuously for more than 8 weeks. Asteraceae allergy risk. More effective internally than topically for wound immunity. |
| Tallow (Beef) | Bos taurus (bovine) | Rendered fat | Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), stearic/oleic acids, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K — skin barrier repair, anti-inflammatory, moisture retention, matches skin lipid profile | Rendered fat (salve base, skin dressing) | ★★★☆☆ | Very safe. Best used on clean, non-infected wounds as a barrier/healing base. Source grass-fed for highest vitamin content. Rancidity risk — store cool and dark. |
| Usnea (Old Man's Beard) | Usnea | barbata / longissima | Usnic acid — potent antimicrobial and antifungal lichen compound; shown effective against gram-positive bacteria including Streptococcus and S. aureus | Whole lichen (tincture, powder, salve) | ★★★☆☆ | Do not take internally in large doses — hepatotoxic in quantity. Topically safe at standard dilutions. Harvest sustainably — slow-growing organism. Positive ID required before use. |